Logical Reasoning Test: Question Types, Examples, and Preparation Tips

A logical reasoning test is a psychometric assessment that evaluates problem solving and critical thinking by testing both deductive reasoning rule based logic and inductive reasoning pattern recognition. Employers such as SHL Saville and Talogy use these tests in consulting finance and technology hiring to see how well candidates analyze information, identify patterns and reach valid conclusions under timed conditions. For an overview of all test formats, see our full Aptitude Test guide.

In this article, we will explore what a logical reasoning test is, the main question types, leading test providers, common mistakes, and proven strategies to help you prepare effectively.

TL;DR - What You Need to Know

• A logical reasoning test measures problem-solving and critical thinking through deductive and inductive formats.
• Common logical reasoning questions include syllogisms, ordering, grouping, and abstract pattern recognition.
• Deductive reasoning tests apply rules to reach conclusions, while inductive reasoning tests identify patterns in shapes or sequences.
• Leading test providers include SHL, Talent Q, Saville, Aon, Kenexa, and Talogy.
• A good score on a logical reasoning test is usually above the 75th percentile.

What is a logical reasoning test?

A logical reasoning test is a psychometric assessment used by employers such as BCG, Bain, SHL, and Talogy to evaluate problem-solving, pattern recognition, and critical thinking under time pressure

Logical reasoning tests are widely used in consulting, finance, technology, and graduate recruitment processes. They are designed to move beyond memorized knowledge and instead assess your ability to think logically under time pressure.

Employers often use these tests at the early screening stage to filter large applicant pools. Strong performance demonstrates that you can process complex information quickly, which is highly valued in client-facing and analytical roles.

Key features of logical reasoning tests include:

• Questions based on patterns, sequences, or statements rather than factual recall
• Timed conditions that create real-world problem-solving pressure
• A focus on both deductive and inductive reasoning formats

For example, consulting firms such as McKinsey, BCG, and Bain expect candidates to handle logical reasoning efficiently because client problems require structured thinking and clear conclusions.

Along with logical reasoning, employers also use Verbal Reasoning Tests to measure comprehension and inference skills, and Numerical Reasoning Tests to assess data analysis and quantitative ability.

What are the main logical reasoning question types?

Logical reasoning questions typically fall into two categories: deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Deductive questions require you to apply given rules to reach a specific conclusion, while inductive questions ask you to identify general patterns from sequences or data. Both assess problem-solving ability under timed conditions.

There are several common formats you may encounter:

• Deductive reasoning: Includes syllogisms, ordering and arrangement, and grouping tasks. These test your ability to follow structured rules and analyze relationships logically.
• Inductive reasoning: Often called abstract reasoning, these questions involve identifying recurring patterns in shapes, numbers, or sequences.
• Mixed tests: Some assessments combine deductive and inductive elements to provide a more comprehensive view of your reasoning ability.

The table below highlights the key differences between the main reasoning formats.

For example, a deductive reasoning task might ask you to determine if a conclusion logically follows from a set of statements, while an inductive test may require finding the next figure in a sequence.

How do deductive reasoning tests work?

A deductive reasoning test measures your ability to apply general rules to specific cases and determine whether conclusions logically follow. These tests often include syllogisms, ordering tasks, and grouping problems, and they assess analytical thinking and decision-making accuracy under time pressure.

Key deductive reasoning question types:

• Syllogisms: Decide if a conclusion is valid based on given premises. 
• Ordering and arrangement: Place elements in sequence according to rules.
• Grouping: Categorize or distribute items into logical sets.

Effective strategies for deductive reasoning practice include:

• Converting premises into visual diagrams before solving
• Testing each condition one at a time rather than combining them all
• Checking answers against your diagram to confirm logical consistency

For example, in a syllogism question, you may be asked whether “Some gadgets are not tables” logically follows from the statements “All tables are phones” and “Some phones are gadgets.” Diagramming helps ensure accurate conclusions.

How do inductive reasoning tests measure skills?

An inductive reasoning test evaluates how well you recognize patterns, trends, and relationships to predict what comes next. Often called abstract reasoning, this format assesses cognitive flexibility and problem-solving by asking you to analyze visual sequences or shapes.

Common inductive reasoning question types include:

• Pattern completion: Identify the missing item in a sequence
• Odd one out: Find the element that breaks a rule
• Matrix reasoning: Determine the correct figure to complete a grid 

Key strategies for success:

• Learn common rules such as rotation, mirroring, or size progression
• Focus on one aspect at a time (e.g., color or shape) instead of all details at once
• Use elimination to rule out incorrect options quickly

These tests are widely used by employers because they measure raw reasoning potential rather than learned knowledge, making them valuable in recruitment for consulting and analytical roles.

Who are the main logical reasoning test providers?

Several major psychometric companies design and administer logical reasoning tests used in consulting, finance, technology, and graduate recruitment. Each provider has slightly different formats, but all assess problem-solving and critical thinking through deductive and inductive tasks.

Logical reasoning test providers each have their own style. SHL and Saville emphasize timed deductive reasoning. Talent Q uses adaptive difficulty. Aon focuses on short micro assessments. Knowing the provider lets you target your preparation.

Why this matters: Employers often reveal which test provider they use, allowing candidates to target practice. Scoring benchmarks vary across SHL, Saville, Talogy, and others, so preparation should match the exact format. For consulting roles, SHL and Saville are the most common providers.

What is a good score on a logical reasoning test?

A good score on a logical reasoning test is usually above the 75th percentile, with competitive roles often requiring 80th percentile or higher. For competitive roles such as consulting, top employers usually consider scores above the 75th or 80th percentile strong enough to advance candidates to the next stage.

For example, SHL typically considers a score above the 70th percentile competitive, while Saville and Talogy often expect candidates to reach the 75th–80th percentile for consulting roles.

Key considerations about scoring:

• Relative performance: Scores are usually compared against a norm group, not an absolute benchmark.
• Employer standards: Different companies may set their own thresholds for progression.
  Consistency: High accuracy across all question types is often valued more than speed alone.

For example, if a test provider reports you in the 85th percentile, it means you outperformed 85 percent of other test takers, signaling strong problem-solving ability.

How can you avoid common mistakes in logical reasoning practice?

The most common mistakes in logical reasoning practice are rushing through questions, overlooking accuracy, and trying to solve all conditions at once. Avoiding these errors requires slowing down, applying step-by-step reasoning, and practicing under timed conditions to build accuracy and speed together.

Practical ways to minimize mistakes:

• Focus on one element of the problem at a time
• Double-check answers before moving on, even under time pressure
• Use elimination strategies for difficult questions
• Practice with timed mock tests to simulate real conditions

These strategies not only reduce errors but also improve your confidence during high-stakes assessments. Consistency in logical reasoning practice often matters more than cramming right before the test.

How difficult is logical reasoning compared to other tests?

Logical reasoning is often considered more challenging than numerical or verbal tests because it requires analyzing unfamiliar patterns quickly without relying on prior knowledge. The difficulty comes from strict time limits, complex question formats, and the need to balance speed with accuracy.

Factors that make logical reasoning difficult:

• Unfamiliar content requiring abstract thinking
• Tight time pressure, often less than 90 seconds per question
• Multiple reasoning formats tested in one assessment

Despite the difficulty, preparation can reduce anxiety. Practicing under timed conditions helps you adjust to the pace and improve accuracy. Over time, repeated exposure to different question types builds confidence.

How do you get better at logical reasoning fast?

You can improve logical reasoning quickly by practicing timed questions, learning common patterns, and reviewing mistakes to strengthen weak areas. Consistent practice builds familiarity, which helps you solve problems faster and more accurately during the actual assessment.

Effective ways to improve quickly:

• Practice with sample tests daily under time limits
• Learn common rules such as rotation, symmetry, and sequence trends
• Focus on accuracy first, then increase speed
• Review errors carefully to avoid repeating them

By combining structured practice with deliberate review, you can enhance both problem-solving and test-taking strategies in a short period of time.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What do logic test results tell employers?
 A: Logical reasoning test results show employers how well you apply problem-solving ability and critical thinking skills under pressure. These tests evaluate whether you can analyze data, spot patterns, and make sound decisions in real workplace scenarios.

Q: Does math help with logical reasoning?
 A: Yes, practicing math can strengthen performance on logical reasoning tests because numerical reasoning improves pattern recognition, sequencing, and deductive reasoning accuracy. While not all logical reasoning questions require math, strong quantitative skills can boost accuracy and confidence in aptitude assessments.

Q: What jobs use logical reasoning?
 A: Jobs that require logical reasoning tests include consulting, finance, law, engineering, and technology roles. Employers use these assessments to identify candidates with strong analytical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for decision-making and structured analysis in high-stakes careers.

Q: How to solve logical reasoning easily?
 A: To solve logical reasoning tests more easily, practice the main question types such as syllogisms, ordering, grouping, and abstract patterns. Logical reasoning practice combined with time management in tests helps you answer faster and with higher accuracy.

Q: What is the point of logical reasoning tests?
 A: The purpose of a logical reasoning test is to measure critical thinking and problem-solving ability through structured questions. These psychometric assessments let employers evaluate how candidates process information, draw conclusions, and handle complex scenarios.