Abstract Reasoning Test: Key Question Types and Tips to Pass

Key Insights:

• An abstract reasoning test measures pattern recognition and problem-solving, often called an inductive reasoning test. What is an abstract reasoning test?
• Employers use abstract reasoning tests in early hiring stages for consulting, finance, and technology roles. When do employers use the abstract reasoning test?
• Abstract reasoning questions include figure series, odd one out, and matrix formats. What types of abstract reasoning questions exist?
• The test is difficult due to complex patterns, strict time limits, and high percentile scoring. Why is the abstract reasoning test so difficult?
• You can pass by practicing question types, mastering common rules, and applying time management strategies. How can you pass the abstract reasoning test?

Abstract reasoning tests, also known as inductive reasoning tests, are among the most widely used aptitude assessments in consulting, finance, and technology recruitment. These tests measure your ability to identify patterns, solve abstract reasoning questions, and adapt to new information quickly, skills employers value in problem-solving roles. Many candidates find the test challenging due to time pressure and complex patterns, but with the right preparation, success is possible.

In this article, we will explore what an abstract reasoning test is, when it’s used, the common question types, and proven strategies to help you perform at your best.

When do employers use the abstract reasoning test?

Employers typically use the abstract reasoning test during early hiring stages to evaluate problem-solving and pattern recognition skills. It often appears in online assessments after resume screening and is used across consulting, finance, and technology industries.

These tests help employers:

• Compare candidates objectively through standardized scoring  
• Identify analytical and logical reasoning ability
• Assess adaptability to unfamiliar problems 
• Filter large applicant pools quickly

Industries and roles where abstract reasoning is common include:

• Consulting firms (analyst, associate, project manager)
• Finance and banking (investment analysts, risk managers)
• Technology companies (data analysts, product managers)
• Graduate and MBA programs with competitive selection

By testing how you handle novel information, employers gain insights into your future job performance in dynamic and fast-changing environments.

What types of abstract reasoning questions exist?

Abstract reasoning questions usually fall into three main types: figure series, odd one out, and matrix questions. Each type challenges your ability to detect rules, apply logical reasoning, and identify the correct answer under time pressure.

Figure series

• You are given a sequence of shapes with a missing piece
• The task is to identify the next shape that follows the sequence rules
• This is the most common abstract reasoning question type

Odd one out

• Several shapes are shown, with one that does not fit the overall pattern
• You must identify the figure that breaks the sequence or rule
• Often designed with distractors to increase difficulty

Matrix questions

• A grid of shapes is presented with one missing space
• The task is to identify which option completes the logical grid
• Considered the most complex, as multiple patterns can apply at once

Practicing each type builds familiarity with common logic patterns such as rotation, mirroring, addition or subtraction of elements, and color changes. This makes it easier to approach questions efficiently during the real test.

Why is the abstract reasoning test so difficult?

The abstract reasoning test is difficult because it requires fast recognition of complex patterns under strict time limits. Candidates must process multiple logic rules simultaneously, making it one of the most challenging aptitude assessments.

Key reasons for difficulty include:

• Pattern complexity: Abstract rules often overlap or change subtly
• Time pressure: Most tests allow only 45–75 seconds per question
• Scoring method: Passing often requires reaching the 80th percentile or higher
• Cognitive load: Tests demand high concentration and quick adaptability

These challenges explain why strong preparation and practice are essential to perform well. Developing familiarity with common rules and using elimination strategies can help reduce the difficulty.

How can you pass the abstract reasoning test?

You can pass the abstract reasoning test by practicing common question types, learning to recognize recurring patterns, and managing your time effectively. Preparation helps you build speed and accuracy, which are critical under timed conditions.

Practical strategies include:

• Research the test format: Know the provider, number of questions, and time limits
• Learn common patterns: Rotation, reflection, addition/subtraction of shapes, and progression trends
• Focus on one pattern at a time: Avoid trying to solve multiple logics at once
• Use elimination: Remove distractors to narrow options quickly
• Practice under timed conditions: Simulate real test pressure to improve decision speed

Consistent preparation not only improves test performance but also increases confidence during the assessment.

What jobs require strong abstract reasoning skills?

Jobs that require strong abstract reasoning skills include consulting roles, finance positions, and technology-driven careers where problem-solving and adaptability are critical. These tests help identify candidates suited for analytical and fast-paced environments.

Examples of roles include:

• Consulting analyst, associate, or project manager
• Investment banking analyst or risk manager
• Data analyst, product manager, or software engineer
• Graduate or MBA program candidate

In each case, abstract reasoning is valued because it reflects how well you can approach novel problems, spot patterns, and generate solutions under pressure.

What score is considered good on an abstract reasoning test?

A good score on an abstract reasoning test is typically above the 70th to 80th percentile, meaning you performed better than most candidates. Since scores are comparative, what counts as “good” depends on the applicant pool and employer benchmarks.

Companies often set minimum thresholds, such as requiring candidates to score in the top 20 to 30 percent. For competitive industries like consulting and finance, achieving above-average performance is usually essential to progress in the recruitment process.

What are common struggles with abstract reasoning?

Common struggles with abstract reasoning include difficulty spotting patterns quickly, getting distracted by irrelevant details, and managing time under pressure. Many candidates also try to solve too many logic layers at once, slowing their progress.

Typical challenges:

• Struggling with overlapping or subtle patterns
• Spending too long on a single question
• Difficulty managing test anxiety
• Confusing distractors with valid answer choices

Overcoming these struggles involves practicing question types, building familiarity with common rules, and improving time management through timed exercises.

Which companies provide abstract reasoning tests?

Major test providers that offer abstract reasoning tests include SHL, Sova, Korn Ferry, and Test Partnership. Each provider uses different formats, time limits, and question structures to assess candidates’ logical reasoning skills.

Key providers:

• SHL: Inductive reasoning with figure series and matrix formats
• Sova: Logical reasoning test with untimed figure series
• Korn Ferry (Talent Q): Timed elements logical test with multiple question types
• Test Partnership: Insights inductive reasoning test with gradually increasing difficulty

Researching which provider your target employer uses helps you prepare effectively for the correct format.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Does abstract reasoning mean high IQ?
A: Abstract reasoning does not always mean high IQ, but strong pattern recognition skills on an abstract reasoning test often correlate with higher cognitive ability scores.

Q: Can you still get hired if you fail an aptitude test?
A: You can still get hired if you fail an aptitude test, as some employers weigh interviews, experience, and cultural fit more heavily than psychometric test preparation results.

Q: What is poor abstract reasoning?
A: Poor abstract reasoning means struggling with figure series questions, odd one out questions, or matrix reasoning questions, showing weaker pattern recognition skills on a logical reasoning test.

Q: What kind of people are good at abstract reasoning?
A: People who are good at abstract reasoning usually excel at problem-solving, learn new rules quickly, and perform well on cognitive ability tests that involve abstract reasoning practice.

Q: What disorders affect abstract thought?
A: Disorders that affect abstract thought include certain neurodevelopmental and cognitive conditions, which can reduce performance on inductive reasoning tests and other aptitude assessments measuring abstract reasoning skills.