Consulting Glossary

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80/20 Rule

80/20 Rule states that a small number of causes often drive the majority of outcomes, helping prioritize high-impact actions.

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MECE

MECE means mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive, a structuring principle used to organize ideas without overlap or gaps.

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Competitive Advantage

Competitive advantage refers to a company’s ability to outperform competitors by delivering greater value through cost leadership, differentiation, or unique strategic positioning.
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Value Chain Analysis

Value Chain Analysis identifies and evaluates business activities that create value, helping companies optimize operations and build competitive advantage through cost or differentiation.
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SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis evaluates a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to support strategic planning and decision-making in competitive business environments.
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Synergy

A combined benefit created when two businesses together generate more value than they could achieve independently through scale, capabilities, revenue, or costs.
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Issue Tree

Issue tree is a problem-solving framework that breaks a broad question into smaller MECE components for structured analysis.

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Hypothesis-driven

Hypothesis-driven problem solving starts with an informed assumption, then tests evidence quickly to focus analysis efficiently.

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Porter’s Five Forces

Porter’s Five Forces analyzes industry competitiveness by evaluating supplier power, buyer power, competitive rivalry, threat of substitution, and threat of new entrants.
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BCG Matrix

BCG Matrix is a portfolio management framework that classifies business units into stars, cash cows, question marks, and dogs based on market growth and share.
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Low-hanging Fruit

Low-hanging fruit refers to easy, high-impact opportunities that can be captured quickly with minimal effort or investment.

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Boil the Ocean

Boil the ocean means attempting an overly broad or unnecessary analysis, often wasting time and resources without clear value.

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