Ask directly and professionally. Understanding compensation terms is a normal part of reviewing an offer, and the distinction between guaranteed, target, and discretionary compensation can materially affect the package.

You can ask how the bonus is determined, what portion is guaranteed if any, when it is paid, and whether the stated number is a target or maximum. Keep the questions factual rather than turning the first conversation into a negotiation.

A simple phrasing is: "Could you clarify how the performance bonus works and whether the amount in the offer is a target, a range, or a guaranteed component?"

Get the terms clear before comparing offers or negotiating. The guide to choosing between consulting offers can help you compare total packages beyond the headline salary.

This is a totally normal offer question. "Target vs guaranteed" is probably the cleanest wording.